Immigration to English-speaking North America is much more complex than either the Right or Left has been conditioned to believe. What it absolutely did not consist of was independent-minded home-steaders shipping to America to avoid religious oppression and lead a family-based life. Religious dissidents came in congregations. Individuals came as slave-labor speculators or as slaves. The only group that immigrated as nuclear families in any numbers were the final wave of Scotch-Irish.

1495-1608: Whalers, explorers, conquistadors, shipwrecked sailors and fishermen from numerous European nations conducted explorations, slave raids and trading missions on the Atlantic coast, decimating some tribes with disease, making peaceful contact with others and hardening other tribes toward European trespassing.

1585: English and Irish slave soldiers raped and pillaged the Roanoke region in a quest to wipe out the non-Christian natives.

1587: English and Welsh Congregationalists [religious dissidents living in a proto-communist fashion] were marooned on Roanoke and promptly enslaved by local natives, still bitter over the earlier military operation.

1. 1607-1776: Small numbers of entrepreneurs sailed to ‘The Plantations’ to speculate in slave labor, from Florida to Maine.

2. 1607-1798: Small numbers of free, though poor, English men and women sold themselves as indentured servants in return for passage paid for by their temporary owner.

3. 1607-1776: Scottish, Irish, Welsh and English men convicted of “pennilessness, homelessness and unemployment’ were sold into slavery in small to moderate numbers, rarely approaching the number of child slaves, but always exceeding the number of free immigrants [excluding Congregationalists].

4. 1609-81: Small numbers of Dutch and Swedish traders settle in New Jersey and New York.

5. 1618-1798: Documented evidence of English, Scottish, Welsh, Irish and American children legally and illegal kidnapped and sold as chattel in the plantations ranged as high as 10,000 children a year, with they and their descendents forming the greater part of the American population by 1756.

6. 1619-71: Small numbers of black slaves from the English-speaking colonies of the Caribbean are imported, mostly to New York, Virginia and Carolina.

7. 1621-1680s: Moderate numbers of English Congregationalists settle in new England where they concentrate in communal plantations and greatly expand their numbers as well as importing un-free immigrants of the various types appearing in the chronology.

8. 1621-1770s: Small numbers of English women and girls were sold by fathers, mothers and siblings to be auctioned off as brides in Virginia, Maryland and New York.

9. 1621-1790s: Small numbers of English and Scottish boys were sold by their families for periods ranging from seven to 31 years.

10. 1652-70s: Sporadically, large numbers of Scottish POWs and men guilty of vagrancy or poverty are sold into American slavery.

11. 1655-98: Well over 100,000 Irish are sold into slavery in America, vast numbers also shipped to the Caribbean.

12. 1673-1800s: Large numbers of slaves are imported directly from Africa. First at half the rate of English slaves, by the 1690s in numbers roughly equal to English laves, and by the 1750s in numbers far surpassing English slaves.

13. 1681-1800s: German Congregationalists settle I Pennsylvania, preferring Irish and Scottish slaves over blacks.

14. 1746-1800s: Large numbers of Scotch and Scotch-Irish begin settling as free farmers and indentured servants, mixing with the escaped slaves and surviving indentured servants from earlier unfree immigrants to form frontier communities in regular contact with free natives.

1776-87: With the formation of the United States the “founding fathers” identified either with immigration Wave 1 or Wave 7. The remainder of the immigrant pools [other than #4 and #13, which were non-British], remained in the east as either a “Nativist” [English slave origin] underclass or Irish underclass, or participated in the Scotch-Irish migrations westward, away from the centers of Anglo-Merchant power. It was not until after the French and Indian War of the 1750s that the term Colonies came into use in any capacity other than describing the administrative governments of the plantations acting under royal charter. Whether free or slave, when one came to the America of the 1600s and 1700s he came to “The Virginia Plantations” not to “The Colony of Virginia” any more than a modern immigrant describes himself as coming to “The Federal Government” when entering The United States of America.