They (the Irish) [2] sell their servants here as they do their horses, and advertise them as they do their oatmeal and beef."

-Anonymous visitor to Philadelphia, August 5, 1773 [3]

1. Most indentures were sold on deck by the captains who purchased them from their kidnappers, judge's agents, family members or masters in various unsavory surroundings such as taverns and barns before shipping them to America and purchasing farm produce with the proceeds for resale in the British isles. One English Lord, after banishing his wife in favor of a whore, warned his servants that should they permit communication between his son and his estranged wife that they would be sold as "transports" to America, which struck them with terror. This indicates that servants in the British isles were not free, but bound to their masters.

2. This attribution by an historian is incorrect, as it referred to English protestant lords who owned Irish estates and sold the hated Irish Catholics into servitude

3. According to all general American histories, the sale of whites [when it is admitted at all] as chattel is said to have ended by the early 1700s, yet this was on the eve of the Revolutionary War.

In 1727, the Anglican parish of New Castle Delaware had 50 registered negro servants and shipped in 2,000 Irish servants. Plantation owners came from Pennsylvania and Maryland to purchase Irish, as the cost of a negro was more than three times higher. [3]

In 1729, due to anti-Catholic fears, the Quaker Pennsylvania Assembly passed a 20 shilling tariff on each Irish servant sold. Despite this New Castle received over 2,000 [4] Irish this same year.

3. Around 1700, the price for a Negro was four times the price of a white servant.

4. The source names 4,500, passengers and servants, "mostly Irish." There were no other kind of Irish shipped in at this period, but servants.

"They are perpetually running away."

-William Moraley, 1743

Moraley was an actual English indentured servant who sold himself and fared well, entering his term of plantation service via New Castle in 1729, yet later commented on the hellish circumstances that indentures, kidnapping victims, convicts and negroes found themselves in. Denied heat in their servant quarters through the brutal winters of the Little Ice Age, mostly maimed from land clearance work and torture and perpetually running away despite the supposed short duration of their terms—which ranged from 3-31 years, which are commonly said to have been for 7 years at the longest—these servants fled in droves as attested by slave-catching journals like the Maryland and Virginia Gazettes. The labor conditions of Middle American Colonies typically consisted of a gang of Irish Catholics working for a German protestant, who employed negroes as household servants and Delaware warriors as slave catchers. Moraley's memoir has been annotated and published by The University of Pennsylvania, with various excerpts available online.

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